Topic and subject markers

Read & notice

은/는 often marks a topic or contrast; 이/가 commonly marks a subject. They are not interchangeable labels for the same meaning. 저는 학생이에요 presents a topic: as for me, I am a student. Choosing a marker also depends on what the conversation already establishes.

For form practice, 은 and 이 follow a final consonant; 는 and 가 follow a vowel. Compare 학생이 and 제가. Learn the sound-based form first, then study the information conveyed in context.