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The original system contained 28 letters. Modern basic Hangul is usually taught as 24 letters: 14 consonants and 10 vowels. Double consonants and compound vowels expand what learners will encounter in real words. The original and modern inventories are not identical.

Some basic consonant shapes were designed with reference to the speech organs. The traditional account of the vowels uses heaven, earth and human as organizing ideas. Today, the practical pattern is easy to see: combine an initial consonant, a vowel and sometimes a final consonant into one block. A block is not a whole word by itself in every case.

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